Gene
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3, NS4, NS genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular carcinoma abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans. HCV Core antigens or envelope proteins are used for immunization to obtain diagnostic antibodies.The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. recombinant HIV 1 and 2 gag gene proteins p24, p17, p55 immunodominant epitopes and envelope glycoproteins, gp120 are used for production of diagnostic detection antibodies.